An international study, led by researchers at the Massachusetts General Hospital, has found that a combination of anti-CXCR4 and anti-PD1 therapies can improve treatment outcomes for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common form of liver cancer. While immunotherapy has shown significant improvements in treating certain cancers, its effectiveness against HCC has remained limited due to the development of treatment resistance often from the lack of dendritic cells.